Endocrine Intro
Endocrine Intro
I. HYPOPHYSIS (pituitary gland):
1. Describe gross anatomic relationship of hypophysis to brain.
2. Review embryologic development of hypophysis.
3. Identify the following areas in tissue sections:
a. pars tuberalis
b. pars distalis
c. pars intermedia
d. neural lobe
e. neural stalk (infundibular stalk)
f. median eminence
4. Recognize acidophils, basophils, chromophobes, and Herring bodies in tissue sections.
5. Discuss the functional significance of the hypophysial portal system.
6. Relate hypothalamic neuron cell bodies to the secretion of hypophysial hormones.
7. Correlate the various trophic hormones of the pars distalis with the cell types.
8. Develop a familiarity with the vascular supply as it relates to hypophysial function.
II. HYPOTHALAMUS
1. Identify neurosecretory neurons.
2. Discuss the course and functional significance of hypothalamo-hypophysial tract.
III. PINEAL GLAND (Epiphysis)
1. Describe anatomic relationship of pineal to diencephalon.
2. Be familiar with the functional role of the pineal gland
3. Identify the following morphologic features in tissue sections:
a. pinealocytes
b. glial cells
c. brain sand (corpora arenacea)
IV. THYROID GLAND
1. Review the anatomic relationships between the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
2. Review the function of the thyroid gland and specifically of the hormones secreted by the follicular and parafollicular cells.
3. Identify follicular and parafollicular cells in tissue sections.
4. Discuss the functional significance of organelles found in follicular epithelial cells.
V. PARATHYROID GLANDS
1. Review gross anatomic relationship of parathyroid and thyroid glands.
2. Identify chief cells in tissue sections.
3. Describe the major function of the chief cells.
VI. ADRENAL GLANDS
1. Review dual embryologic origin of the adrenal glands.
2. Identify the following morphologic areas:
a. zona glomerulosa
b. zona fasciculata
c. zona reticularis
d. medulla
3. Relate each morphologic area to its specialized function.
4. Review innervation of adrenal gland.
#86 Pituitary gland of heifer
#87 Hypothalamus of a dog
#71 Pineal of a cow (younger)
#92 Pineal of a cow (older)
#90 Adrenal gland of cow
#91 Adrenal gland of a dog
#88 Thyroid and parathyroid of a dog
Hypophysis or Pituitary Gland
Adenohypophysis
Pars distalis
Somatotrophs
Lactotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs
Pars intermedia
Cone of Wulzen
Pars tuberalis
Neurohypophysis
Neural Lobe (pars nervosa)
Infundibular stalk
Axon dilatations (Herring Bodies)
Median eminence
Hypophysial cavity
Hypophysial portal vessels
Hypothamalus
Neurosecretory neurons
Pineal Gland
Pinealocytes
Corpora arenacea
Glial cells
Adrenal Glands
Cortex
Zona glumerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Medulla
Parathyroid Glands
Chief cells
Thyroid Gland
Follicles
Follicular cells
Colloid/follicular lumen
Parafollicular cells